Appendix

CNAS-Drone Proliferation Survey Text

Introduction: The following questions ask for your opinion on issues related to the use of military force and for some demographic information. All identifying information will be kept confidential and destroyed once the data is exported from this site. Thank you in advance for your participation and please let us know if you have any questions.

NOTE: ½ OF RESPONDENTS WOULD GET THE FOLLOWING 6 QUESTIONS

ScenIntro You will now read about a hypothetical foreign policy scenario involving your country of citizenship or residence. In this scenario, your country (or a close ally) is in the midst of an important territorial dispute with another country. Please consider the same country when answering all questions.

Country1: What is your country of citizenship or residence?

• United States of America (1)
• Other (2)

[CONDITIONAL IF 2] Country2: If you entered other, please list the country:

[FILL IN THE BLANK]

Country3: Are you a citizen of this country or is it your country of residence?

• I am a citizen of this country. (1)
• I am a resident of this country. (2)

DeployDrone Your country (or a close ally) is in the midst of an important territorial dispute with another country. Your military proposes deploying unmanned military drones into the disputed territory. The probability that those unmanned military drones will be shot down is 50%. What is your opinion of deploying the drones?

• Strongly approve (1)
• Approve (2)
• Neither approve nor disapprove (3)
• Disapprove (4)
• Strongly disapprove (5)

ShootDrone Your country (or a close ally) is in the midst of an important territorial dispute with another country. The other country deploys unmanned military drones into the disputed territory. Your military proposes shooting down the other country’s unmanned military drones. What is your opinion of shooting down the drones?

• Strongly approve (1)
• Approve (2)
• Neither approve nor disapprove (3)
• Disapprove (4)
• Strongly disapprove (5)

EscDrones Your country (or a close ally) is in the midst of an important territorial dispute with another country. Your country deployed unmanned military drones into the disputed territory. The other country shot down one of your country’s unmanned military drones. In response, your military proposes shooting down the next military plane flown by the adversary country into the disputed territory, whether unmanned or manned. What is your opinion of undertaking this action?

• Strongly approve (1)
• Approve (2)
• Neither approve nor disapprove (3)
• Disapprove (4)
• Strongly disapprove (5)

NOTE: ½ OF RESPONDENTS WOULD GET THE FOLLOWING 6 QUESTIONS

ScenIntro You will now read about a hypothetical foreign policy scenario involving your country of citizenship or residence. In this scenario, your country (or a close ally) is in the midst of an important territorial dispute with another country. Please consider the same country when answering all questions.

Country1: What is your country of citizenship or residence?

• United States of America (1)
• Other (2)

[CONDITIONAL IF 2] Country2: If you entered other, please list the country:

[FILL IN THE BLANK]

Country3: Are you a citizen of this country or is it your country of residence?

• I am a citizen of this country. (1)
• I am a resident of this country. (2)

DeployManned Your country (or a close ally) is in the midst of an important territorial dispute with another country. Your military proposes deploying manned military aircraft into the disputed territory. The probability that those manned military aircraft will be shot down is 50%. What is your opinion of deploying the aircraft?

• Strongly approve (1)
• Approve (2)
• Neither approve nor disapprove (3)
• Disapprove (4)
• Strongly disapprove (5)

ShootManned Your country (or a close ally) is in the midst of an important territorial dispute with another country. The other country deploys manned military aircraft into the disputed territory. Your military proposes shooting down the other country’s manned military aircraft. What is your opinion of shooting down the aircraft?

• Strongly approve (1)
• Approve (2)
• Neither approve nor disapprove (3)
• Disapprove (4)
• Strongly disapprove (5)

EscManned Your country (or a close ally) is in the midst of an important territorial dispute with another country. Your country deployed manned military aircraft into that disputed territory. The other country shot down one of your country’s manned military aircraft. In response, your military proposes shooting down the next military plane flown by the adversary country into the disputed territory, whether unmanned or manned. What is your opinion of undertaking this action?

• Strongly approve (1)
• Approve (2)
• Neither approve nor disapprove (3)
• Disapprove (4)
• Strongly disapprove (5)

NOTE: All RESPONDENTS WOULD GET THE FOLLOW UP BLOCK

Hawkishness: Where would you place yourself on this scale about how your country should solve international problems?

• My country should always favor solving problems with diplomacy and international pressure and use military force only if absolutely necessary. (1)
• My country should mostly favor solving problems with diplomacy and international pressure. (2)
• My country should use diplomacy and military force equally. (3)
• My country should mostly favor solving problems with military force. (4)
• My country should always favor solving problems with military force since diplomacy and pressure often fail. (5)

DroneUse: Do you have any professional experience with drones?

• Yes (1)
• No (2)

DroneUse2: In what industry have you worked with drones? (Select all that apply)

• Military (1)
• National Security (Non-military) (2)
• Industrial (3)
• Consumer (4)
• Other (5)
• None (6)

DroneUse3: In what capacity have you worked with drones? (Select all that apply)

• Engineering/design (1)
• User/operational (2)
• Policy/regulatory (3)
• Other (4)
• None (5)

Robotic Views: Generally speaking, how would you describe your view of the use of robots in society?

• Very positive (1)
• Somewhat positive (2)
• Neither positive nor negative (3)
• Somewhat negative (4)
• Very negative (5)

Drone Strikes: Do you approve or disapprove of the United States conducting missile strikes from remotely piloted aircraft called drones to target extremists in countries such as Afghanistan, Pakistan, Yemen, and Somalia?

• Strongly approve (1)
• Somewhat approve (2)
• Neither approve nor disapprove (3)
• Somewhat disapprove (4)
• Strongly disapprove (5) 

Age: Please enter your age below:

[FILL IN THE BLANK]

Gender: What is your gender?

• Male (1)
• Female (2)

Education1: What is the highest level of education you have completed?

• High School (1)
• Bachelor’s degree (for example: BA, AB, BS) (2)
• Master’s degree (for example: MA, MS) (3)
• Professional degree or professional doctorate (for example: MD, DVM, JD, PsyD) (4)
• PhD (5)
• EdD (6)

Education2: For your most advanced degree, what was the primary concentration of your academic studies? (Example: Political Science)

[FILL IN THE BLANK]

MilService1: Have you ever served in the armed forces of a national military (e.g. the United States military)?

• Yes, served in combat (1)
• Yes, served but did not participate in combat (2)
• No, have not served in the military (3)

Ideology: To what extent would you describe your political ideology, in general, as conservative, liberal, or moderate?

• Very Conservative (1)
• Somewhat Conservative (2)
• Moderate – neither Conservative nor Liberal (3)
• Somewhat Liberal (4)
• Very Liberal (5)

USpol1: If you are eligible to vote in the United States, do you generally think of yourself as:

• Strong Democrat (1)
• Weak Democrat (2)
• Independent, leaning Democrat (3)
• Independent (4)
• Independent, leaning Republican (5)
• Weak Republican (6)
• Strong Republican (7)
• Not eligible to vote in the United States (8)

Occupation1: In which of the following professions do you currently work or have you ever worked? (Select all that apply)

• Academia/Education (1)
• Student (2)
• Private sector – finance or consulting (3)
• Private sector – technology (4)
• Government – military (5)
• Government – other (6)
• Government – homeland security and law enforcement (7)
• Other (8)

Occupation2: If you entered other, please briefly describe your profession. (Type in N/A if you did not enter other).

[FILL IN THE BLANK]

Last: Thank you for participating in our survey!